Project 2: Exploring Factors Affecting Life Expectancy

The goal of this report was to explore factors that affect life expectancy across geographies/time period. The study relied on accurate data from the Global Health Observatory (GHO) data repository under the World Health Organization (WHO). The data-set related to life expectancy, health factors for 193 countries has been collected from the same WHO data repository website and its corresponding economic data was collected from United Nation website. Among all categories of health-related factors only those critical factors were chosen which are more representative.

The study found that life expectancy is majorly affected by the resources available in a country and how they are utilized. Wealthier countries have a higher average life expectancy than poorer countries. The study also found that alcohol consumption is one of the biggest factors affecting life expectancy.

The research question was: "What changes are needed for a country to improve life expectancy?" The null hypothesis was that there is no relationship between life expectancy and the independent variables, and the alternate hypothesis was that there is a relationship between life expectancy and the independent variables. The statistical analysis showed that there is a relationship between the variables and that the model is statistically significant.

The study concluded that the data is accurate but contains many outliers that affected the better fit of the model. There is a problem with skewness that couldn't be solved by applying log or sqrt or inverse functions. There are other factors like accidents, pollution, stress, etc. that might have an impact on life expectancy, which require future research. Future research can also investigate how effective the model can be if we consider countries categorized by their wealth with a fixed effects model.

In summary, this study provides insights into factors affecting life expectancy and their relationships with independent variables. The study contributes to the understanding of how a country can improve life expectancy and highlights areas that require further research. The findings can inform policy decisions and strategies aimed at improving health outcomes globally.

The complete R code for the project can be accessed at navyasrivattikuti/LifeExpectancy (github.com)

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